Calculate fixed production overhead expenditure and volume variances and then subdivide the volume variance.
【参考答案及解析】
Fixed overhead expenditure variance This is the difference between budgeted and actual fixed costs. $ Budgeted expenditure ($50 × 900) 45,000 Actual expenditure 47,000 Expenditure variance (actual spending higher than budgeted) 2,000 (A) Fixed overhead volume variance This is calculated when the standard cost is a full production cost that includes absorbed fixed overhead. It is not calculated in a system of standard marginal costing; it is the difference between the budgeted and actual production volumes. It is converted into a money value at the standard production overhead cost per unit. Units Budgeted production at standard rate (900 × $50) 900 Actual production at standard rate (800 × $50) 800 Volume variance in units (output less than budget) 100 (A) Standard production overhead cost per unit $50 Volume variance in $ $5,000 (A) The volume variance may be analysed into an efficiency and a capacity variance. Fixed overhead efficiency variance + Capacity variance = Volume variance. Fixed overhead volume efficiency variance This is the same as the labour efficiency variance in hours. It is converted into a monetary value at the standard production overhead rate per hour. $ 800 units should have taken (× five hrs) 4,000 hrs but did take 4,200 hrs Volume efficiency variance in hours 200 (A) × standard absorption rate per hour × $10 Volume efficiency variance $2,000 (A) Fixed overhead volume capacity variance This is the difference between the budgeted hours of work (budgeted capacity) and the actual hours worked in production. It is converted into a monetary value at the standard production overhead rate per hour. Budgeted hours 4,500 hrs Actual hours 4,200 hrs Volume capacity variance in hours 300 (A) × standard absorption rate per hour ($50 ÷ 5) × $10 $3,000 (A)
Fixed overhead expenditure variance This is the difference between budgeted and actual fixed costs. $ Budgeted expenditure ($50 × 900) 45,000 Actual expenditure 47,000 Expenditure variance (actual spending higher than budgeted) 2,000 (A) Fixed overhead volume variance This is calculated when the standard cost is a full production cost that includes absorbed fixed overhead. It is not calculated in a system of standard marginal costing; it is the difference between the budgeted and actual production volumes. It is converted into a money value at the standard production overhead cost per unit. Units Budgeted production at standard rate (900 × $50) 900 Actual production at standard rate (800 × $50) 800 Volume variance in units (output less than budget) 100 (A) Standard production overhead cost per unit $50 Volume variance in $ $5,000 (A) The volume variance may be analysed into an efficiency and a capacity variance. Fixed overhead efficiency variance + Capacity variance = Volume variance. Fixed overhead volume efficiency variance This is the same as the labour efficiency variance in hours. It is converted into a monetary value at the standard production overhead rate per hour. $ 800 units should have taken (× five hrs) 4,000 hrs but did take 4,200 hrs Volume efficiency variance in hours 200 (A) × standard absorption rate per hour × $10 Volume efficiency variance $2,000 (A) Fixed overhead volume capacity variance This is the difference between the budgeted hours of work (budgeted capacity) and the actual hours worked in production. It is converted into a monetary value at the standard production overhead rate per hour. Budgeted hours 4,500 hrs Actual hours 4,200 hrs Volume capacity variance in hours 300 (A) × standard absorption rate per hour ($50 ÷ 5) × $10 $3,000 (A)